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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medication is the first line treatment for ADHD. They have a long history of high response, excellent tolerability and safety across the life span. It's crucial to determine the appropriate dosage and medication that eases your or your child's symptoms without side negative effects. This can take a lot trial and error as well as a constant communication with your doctor. Stimulants Stimulants are drugs that increase activity in the central nervous system. Students and athletes, artists, workers and others take them to boost their performance and cognitive abilities. They also serve to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, binge eating disorder, and other anxiety disorders. The most commonly used stimulant medications are methylphenidates and amphetamines. FDA-approved prescription stimulants come in both immediate-release and prolonged-release formulations. The immediate-release medication is usually taken every four hours, as needed. They can trigger sudden, temporary decrease in energy known as a crash once they wear off. The crash can cause extreme hunger, mood swings and fatigue. Instant-release medication can also increase blood pressure and heartbeat in certain people. This is especially true when they don't take enough food. Extended-release medications are designed to release their active ingredients over a time of 8-16 hours. This type of medication can be prescribed by a doctor if you are looking for long-lasting control of symptoms without having to take tablets several times per day. Methylphenidate products that fall into the extended-release category include Ritalin, Concerta, and Focalin. Another alternative is the long-acting methylphenidate patch, known as Daytrana, which sticks to the skin like a band-aid and lasts all day. This kind of medication can be prescribed to adults with ADHD and need a daily dosage that lasts longer than the immediate-release options. The use of stimulants does not cure ADHD but it can help manage the symptoms by improving the way neurons in the brain communicate. By blocking or binding their receptors they can alter the level of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine, in the brain. This allows for the release of more neurotransmitters which aids in the transmission and reception of messages between neurons. In addition to stimulants, doctors may prescribe antidepressants for ADHD. The majority of the antidepressants doctors prescribe for ADHD alter the levels of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in your brain. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors are a good option for those suffering from depression or anxiety. These drugs are typically combined with stimulants to increase their effectiveness. Another reason your doctor might switch between non-stimulant and stimulant medications is if your current medication isn't working or causes intolerable side effects. Long-acting Stimulants help about 70%-80 percent of adults and children with ADHD. They can reduce symptoms such as fidgeting and talking over others. They can also improve the social skills of employees and improve their performance. The stimulant medication starts working as soon as it crosses the blood-brain barriers that can take 45 to 60 minutes. They increase dopamine and norepinephrine levels in brain cells, which decreases hyperactivity and impulsivity. The FDA-approved stimulant medications contain two molecules called Methylphenidate (Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, Concerta) and amphetamine (Ritalin, Adderall XR, Vyvanse XR). Stimulants can cause side effects such as stomach upset and decreased appetite, elevated heart rate and blood pressure headaches, as well as anxiety or nervousness. They can also make tics more severe and cause sleep issues in some people. Long-acting stimulants like Strattera or Wellbutrin, can be used day and night. Short-acting medicines are only effective for a few hours. They can also be used to treat other conditions such as depression or anxiety. These medications work by changing the way your body regulates monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases are enzymes which break down dopamine and other neurotransmitters in the brain. When these chemicals aren't eliminated and remain in your body for longer and affect your behavior and thinking. Long-acting medication can have fewer adverse effects. Your doctor will prescribe smaller doses that you can take throughout the day. Certain stimulants are available in extended-release form that you can take daily. Adults may prefer this method however, it is important to keep in mind to take your stimulants each day. Other medications have been shown to be effective for a lot of adults with ADHD such as selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs are generally prescribed for depression or anxiety however they can also be prescribed for ADHD. About 70% of people respond to these medications. Bupropion, also called Wellbutrin, is an SSRI approved for ADHD. It was found to be more effective in a controlled study than placebos. These SSRIs can cause serious side effects, such as hearing ringing anxiety, changes to vision and heart and lung function in certain people. Short-acting Stimulant medication reduces ADHD symptoms by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. These two chemicals assist people to control their behavior and focus. These drugs come in many different forms, and each comes with its own distinct brand, like Adderall Vyvanse Ritalin Concerta. There are two primary kinds of stimulant drugs amphetamines and methylphenidates. They have the same effects, however their duration of action is different. The methylphenidates may have a shorter-lasting effect, lasting up to three hours. Amphetamines, on the other hand have a longer-lasting effect. Certain individuals are better able to tolerate long-acting stimulant medication than short-acting medications which is why your doctor may prescribe this type of medication. It is crucial to be aware of as much as you can about the medication. This includes any possible side effects, how frequently it should be taken, and any warnings. This will allow you to collaborate with your doctor in determining the appropriate dosage and medication for you. It is important to know that these medications may cause some negative side effects, including problems getting to sleep or losing appetite. Consult your physician in the event that you experience any of these adverse effects. You may have to adjust the dosage or even try a different medication. Adults with ADHD who aren't responding well to the stimulants might be treated with non-stimulant medications that take longer to get started but can improve the ability of a person to concentrate and control impulses. simply click for source can be prescribed in combination or as a single dose. The first one is atomoxetine (brand names Strattera and Qelbree) It works by increasing norepinephrine and dopamine in the prefrontal cortex which regulates behavior. Guanfacine, also referred to as Intuniv, belongs to the group of drugs called alpha-agonists. These work by blocking the absorption of these brain chemicals and increasing their levels in the bloodstream. Guanfacine, originally developed to treat high blood pressure, has been shown to be effective in treating ADHD. Combinations People with ADHD make use of a variety drug combinations. This includes stimulants that are depressant type drugs like clonidine and guanfacine. These drugs may influence a calming effect on the brain, and reduce symptoms like insomnia and aggressive behavior. They also aid in preventing the onset of withdrawal from stimulants. This combination could be dangerous however, if it is not used properly. Combining two stimulants at same time increases the risk of serotonin syndrome, an emergency drug that occurs when the body is overloaded with much serotonin. This combination can also increase the heart rate and blood pressure. The risks of taking this medication are greater for those who have pre-existing conditions like high blood pressure or heart disease. Young adults and teens are increasingly using stimulant combinations. These substances, which are sold in pharmacies, are often called “legal highs”. They are also available on the black market. These substances are extremely dangerous particularly when they are mixed with alcohol or other substances. This is known as polydrug use, and can be extremely dangerous. Mixing drugs can have dangerous and unpredictable consequences. These include increased heart rate, reduced respiration, paranoia and hallucinations. A study showed that combination therapy was more effective than monopharmacotherapy when treating ADHD. Combining medications increased adherence and allowed patients to achieve greater symptom relief than monotherapy. However there were many patients who stopped their treatment because of side effects. In a few cases, the medication was discontinued due to sleep problems or worsening tics. This could be due to a misdiagnosis or lack of medication. Nonstimulants are a different treatment option for ADHD. These drugs help improve the ability to focus and impulse control however they are not as effective as stimulants. They are less likely to suppress appetite and growth. Some antidepressants can also be prescribed for ADHD. However they have a less chance of improving focus and concentration. Numerous studies have demonstrated that atomoxetine and methylphenidate (Concerta) can be combined to yield better results than either by itself. Combining the two drugs was shown to increase adherence and reduce the risk of adverse reactions in a majority of people. The combination proved effective for adolescents and young adults. This combination could be a feasible alternative for children suffering from severe ADHD.